A survey of rockery art history in traditional Chinese gardens.

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A survey of rockery art history in traditional Chinese gardens.

机译：对中国传统园林假山艺术历史的考察。

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For thousands years, the Chinese have a tradition of mountain worship. Some mountains in gardens are real ones, however, most 'mountains' in Chinese traditional gardens are artificial rockwork. Rockery has taken a very prominent place in traditional Chinese garden design. The rockery has originated and developed together with Chinese gardens. In late Yin and early Zhou dynasties (1600 B.C.-771 B.C.), the rudiment of rockery appeared, namely, 'tai' in imperial gardens. In Qin and Han dynasties (221 B.C.-220), the rockery was in the form of earth piled hill or earth and stone piled hill from a distant view. In Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern dynasties (220-589), rockery had gradually established its dominant position in Chinese traditional gardens, and started to transform into a realistic style from a nearby view. In Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), though rockery itself was not quite popular, the aesthetic value of it was highly recognized and was usually appreciated in the form of garden rockery and Penjing. In Song dynasty (960-1279), the rockery art which imitated the nature had achieved its highest level and best state and people started to pile the rockery with natural stones. Furthermore, a group of craftsman specified in rockwork appeared. In Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911), lots of great masters had developed the rockery art into a freehand style on the basis of Song. They perfected the rockery art from both theory and practice. Due to generations of creation and thousands years of experience, rockery has become an artistic image with the best expressive force and characteristics. It has come down in one continuous line and is still popular today. The 'rockery fever' in modern garden and landscape art design vividly shows its profound cultural foundation and people's aesthetic taste in China. The same as sculpture's position in western gardens, rockery takes a crucial place in Chinese traditional gardens. 'Derived from the nature and superior to the nature', if it is the main characteristic of traditional Chinese garden, then, it is the high-level rockwork art which makes it true.

机译：几千年来，中国人有山地崇拜的传统。花园中的一些山是真实的山脉，但是，中国传统花园中的大多数“山峰”都是人造岩石。假山在中国传统园林设计中占有非常重要的地位。假山与中国园林一起起源和发展。在殷末和周初（公元前1600年-公元前771年），假山的雏形出现了，即在皇家花园中出现了``太''。在秦汉时期（公元前221年-220年），从远处看，假山的形式为土堆山或土石堆山。在魏晋南北朝（220-589年），假山逐渐在中国传统花园中确立了统治地位，并开始从附近视野转变为写实风格。在隋唐时期（581-907），尽管假山本身并不十分流行，但它的美学价值得到了高度认可，通常以花园假山和盆景形式得到赞赏。在宋代（960-1279），模仿自然的假山艺术达到了最高水平和最佳状态，人们开始在假山中堆满天然石头。此外，出现了一批在岩石工作中指定的工匠。在明清时期（1368-1911年），许多大师在宋代的基础上将假山艺术发展为写意风格。他们从理论和实践两个方面完善了假山艺术。由于几代人的创作和数千年的经验，假山已成为具有最佳表现力和特征的艺术形象。它已经连续下降了很多，直到今天仍然流行。现代园林景观设计中的“假山热”生动地展现了其深厚的文化底蕴和中国人的审美情趣。与雕塑在西方花园中的位置一样，假山在中国传统花园中占有至关重要的地位。 “源于自然，优越于自然”，如果它是中国传统园林的主要特征，那么高水平的石雕艺术就使之成为现实。

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《Acta Horticulturae》 |2010年第1期|共8页
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arts; design; gardens; history; rocks; East Asia; Asia; Developing Countries.;

机译：艺术;设计;园艺;历史;岩石;东亚;亚洲;发展中国家。;

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A survey of rockery art history in traditional Chinese gardens.

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