The formation of furaneol (2,5-dimethyl-4-oxy-3(2H)-furanone) was observed during high-temperature alkaline degradation of glucose, probably because of fragmentation of sugars into three-carbon residues followed by their condensation by a previously described mechanism. Aat relatively low sugar concentrations and low temperature, water was eliminated without fragmentation, and furaneol was formed by protonation of the resulting dehydrated residue. Reductons formed at initial stages of dehydration were most probably the sources of protons. Furaneol yields increased significantly after adding reductants (ascorbic and dihydroxyfumaric acids). This finding is consistent with the necessity of additional protonation to increase the production of furaneol from hexoses.
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