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Estimating resource use efficiencies in organic agriculture: a review of budgeting approaches used

机译:估计有机农业中的资源利用效率:使用的预算编制方法的回顾

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摘要

The basis of organic farming is that it is environmentally, socially and economically sustainable, and it aims, wherever possible, to use renewable resources in the production system and avoid waste. Thus this review considers the use of nutrient, energy and water within the farming systems, and indices that are used to evaluate the use of these resources and hence their impact on the environment. It is crucial that the delineation of system boundaries in both time and space, including both the vertical and horizontal dimensions, is defined to assess the resources used within the system. There is increasing interest in the emergy concept, which permits different forms of energy to be compared on the same basis. Across all farming systems, there is no direct link between nutrient surplus and nutrient loss. It is important to recognise that the choice of tool used to assess the environmental consequences of the farming system, as well as whether the results are expressed on a product or an area basis, may have implications for how emissions are attributed to different parts of the production system. In order for indicators to be useful, they must be influenced by the farmer's management practices. Copyright pb 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
机译:有机农业的基础是环境,社会和经济上可持续的,其目标是在可能的情况下在生产系统中使用可再生资源并避免浪费。因此,本综述考虑了耕作系统中养分,能源和水的使用,以及用于评估这些资源的使用及其对环境的影响的指标。至关重要的是,定义时间和空间的系统边界,包括垂直和水平维度,以评估系统内使用的资源。能值概念引起了越来越多的兴趣,它允许在相同的基础上比较不同形式的能量。在所有耕作系统中,养分过剩与养分流失之间没有直接联系。重要的是要认识到,用于评估耕作制度对环境的影响的工具的选择,以及结果是否以产品或面积为基础来表达,可能会对排放如何归因于农业生产的不同部分产生影响。生产系统。为了使指标有用,它们必须受到农民管理实践的影响。版权所有pb 2007化学工业协会

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