Excess Heat and Electrical Characteristics of Type 'B' Anode-PlateHigh-Impedance Phusor LANR Devices

摘要

The binary alloy, PdD_x, has an electrical resistance which iswell studied (Bambakidis, 1968, 1969; Baranowski, 1969; McKubre & Tanzella,2005; McKubre et al., 1990; Otterson, 1969; Schreiber, 1990) and is a biphasicfunction of loading ratio, x. Therefore, the ratio of metallic electrical resistanceof the Pd to its "initial unloaded" value at the same temperature, R/R_0, is used toestimate loading (McKubre & Tanzella, 2005; McKubre et al., 1990). Loading isimportant to lattice assisted nuclear reactions (LANR) because a loading ratio of~0.85 D/Pd, is required to generate excess heat from an active LANR material,although issues of confinement time (weeks), adequate deuteron flux, requisiteactivation energy, maintaining structural lattice integrity, phonon support, andmaintaining optimal operating point operation are also critical, but are ignoredfor the moment (Swartz, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2006). H- and D-drift experimentsindicate a fractional electronic charge dressing of the protons so that there is afractional charge in the range of +0.42 to +0.7. Luo and Miley (2003) haveconsidered that the fractional positive charge is a dynamic property, associatedwith the hopping process within the lattice. The implication is that deuterium ionsare at least partially screened by the conduction electrons from the palladium,even for loading ratios less than x = ~0.55. For pure palladium, reciprocal spaceanalysis shows six bands near the Fermi surface. Three bands cross through it,and another three are nearby, one of which becomes decisive at higher loading.Electron-phonon scattering is usually considered, while electron-electron scatter-ing is not. Also, usually ignored is the role of Pd vacancies, which have similarincremental resistivity effects (Xu et al., 1998). The electrical resistivity of palla-dium is described by the Bloch-Gruneisen formula, except for electron-electronscattering.