Test Description

摘要

The Test of Memory and Learning: Second Edition (TOMAL-2), published by PRO-ED, constitutes a recent revision of the Test of Memory and Learning (TOMAL; Reynolds & Bigler, 1994). Advertised as the "single most comprehensive memory battery available for the entire age range of 5 years through 59 years of age" (p. vi), the TOMAL-2 is an individually administered, 14-subtest instrument designed to assess broad-band verbal and nonverbal memory functions of clinical interest across the age-span, narrow-band memory skills like paired-associate learning and spatial memory, and learning via changes in recognition and recall across multiple trials. The authors do not directly express the theoretical foundation for the TOMAL-2 and this was a criticism made of the first edition (Mailer, 1998). The manual does acknowledge that memory can be measured in numerous ways with task descriptions varying by theoretical orientation and often overlapping theories of memory. A comprehensive history of memory testing and a conceptual model of the behavioral correlates of brain functioning is presented in the test manual to underscore the importance of memory testing in clinical populations, such as those with prenatal exposure to substances, extremely low birth weight, epilepsy, learning disabilities, and head injuries.