Lithium wall conditioning in TFTR, CDX-U, T-11M, TJ-II and NSTX is found to yield enhanced plasma performance manifest, in part, through improved deuterium particle control. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments examine the affect of D irradiation on lithiated graphite and show that the surface chemistry of lithiated graphite after D ion bombardment (500 eV/amu) is fundamentally different from that of non-Li conditioned graphite. Instead of simple LiD bonding seen in pure liquid Li, graphite introduces additional complexities. XPS spectra show that Li-O-D (533.0 ± 0.6 eV) and Li-C-D (291.4 ± 0.6 eV) bonds, for a nominal Li dose of 2 μm, become "saturated" with D at fluences between 3.8 and 5.2 × 10 ~(17) cm ~(-2). Atomistic modeling indicate that Li-O-D-C interactions may be a result of multibody effects as opposed to molecular bonding.
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机译：发现在TFTR，CDX-U，T-11M，TJ-II和NSTX中进行锂壁调节可以提高血浆性能，部分原因是通过改善的氘粒子控制。 X射线光电子能谱（XPS）实验检查了D辐照对锂化石墨的影响，并表明D离子轰击（500 eV / amu）后的锂化石墨的表面化学性质与非Li条件化石墨的化学性质根本不同。石墨取代了纯液态锂中的简单LiD键合，引入了更多的复杂性。 XPS光谱显示，对于标称Li剂量为2μm的Li-OD（533.0±0.6 eV）和Li-CD（291.4±0.6 eV）键，在3.8和5.2×10〜（注量）之间被D饱和。 17）厘米〜（-2）。原子建模表明，Li-O-D-C相互作用可能是与分子键合相反的多体效应的结果。
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