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A theory of the dual pathways for smooth pursuit based on dynamic gain control.

机译:基于动态增益控制的平滑跟踪的双路径理论。

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摘要

The smooth pursuit eye movement (SPEM) system is much more sensitive to target motion perturbations during pursuit than during fixation. This sensitivity is commonly attributed to a dynamic gain control mechanism. Neither the neural substrate nor the functional architecture for this gain control has been fully revealed. There are at least two cortical areas that crucially contribute to smooth pursuit and are therefore eligible sites for dynamic gain control: the medial superior temporal area (MST) and the pursuit area of the frontal eye fields (FEFs), which both project to brain stem premotor structures via parallel pathways. The aim of this study was to develop a model of smooth pursuit based on behavioral, anatomical, and neurophysiological results to account for nonlinear dynamic gain control. Using a behavioral paradigm in humans consisting of a sinusoidal oscillation (4 Hz, +/-8 degrees/s) superimposed on a constant velocity target motion (0-24 degrees/s), we were able to identify relevant gain control parameters in the model. A salient feature of our model is the emergence of two parallel pathways from higher visual cortical to lower motor areas in the brain stem that correspond to the MST and FEF pathways. Detailed analysis of the model revealed that one pathway mainly carries eye velocity related signals, whereas the other is associated mostly with eye acceleration. From comparison with known neurophysiological results we conclude that the dynamic gain control can be attributed to the FEF pathway, whereas the MST pathway serves as the basic circuit for maintaining an ongoing SPEM.
机译:平稳追踪眼动(SPEM)系统对追踪过程中的目标运动扰动比对固定过程敏感得多。这种敏感性通常归因于动态增益控制机制。神经底物和用于增益控制的功能结构都没有被完全揭示出来。至少有两个皮质区域对平稳地追求至关重要,因此是进行动态增益控制的合适位置:内侧上颞叶区域(MST)和额叶视野(FEFs)的追求区域,这两个区域都投影到脑干通过平行途径的前运动结构。这项研究的目的是基于行为,解剖学和神经生理学结果开发一种平滑追赶模型,以解决非线性动态增益控制问题。使用由正弦振荡(4 Hz,+/- 8度/秒)叠加在恒速目标运动(0-24度/秒)上的人类行为范例,我们能够识别出相关的增益控制参数模型。我们模型的一个显着特征是出现了两条平行的路径,从较高的视觉皮层到大脑干的较低的运动区域,这与MST和FEF路径相对应。对模型的详细分析显示,一种途径主要携带与眼速度有关的信号,而另一种途径主要与眼加速度有关。通过与已知的神经生理学结果进行比较,我们得出结论,动态增益控制可归因于FEF途径,而MST途径则是维持正在进行的SPEM的基本回路。

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