Large-eddy simulation is used to study turbulent flow over a sinusoidal wavy wall from the perspective of surface roughness effects.Simulation results are averaged in time and space to obtain the so-called roughness function (shift in the logarithmic law),the equivalent sand-grain roughness and the virtual origin,and the dependence of these quantities on the amplitude-to-wavelength ratio.The results demonstate the usefulness of LES to quantify roughness effects that have hitherate the usefulness of LES to quantify roughness effets that have hitherto fore been the purview of laboratory experiments.
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