Microarray technique for component resolved diagnosis (CRD) in type-I allergies. An innovative technology at the border between research tool and routine diagnostics

摘要

Approximately 25% of the population in industrialized countries suffer from IgE-associated Type-1 allergies. Multiple allergens can be tested simultaneously in one assay by using the protein microarray. Moreover, it is possible to measure more than one analytical parameter (e.g. allergen specific IgEs and IgGs) in one assay by combining different fluorescent markers with specific secondary antibodies. The different allergen components that are of interest are immobilized on a planar surface. By adding the patient's serum (a smaller amount of serum is needed compared to an immunoassay) the inherent IgE antibodies are captured by the corresponding allergens. Secondary fluorescing anti-IgE antibodies are added subsequently, thus the intensity of each spot on the microarray can be measured by using a biochipscanner. The detected signal is then transformed into quantitative data, which allows the classification of the patient's serum IgE level for the tested allergens. There are different approaches to reduce the complexity of the original extracts used for the production of the solid microarray phase to a smaller number of relevant pathogenic molecules. The component-resolved diagnosis still needs to be clinically validated, but initial studies show positive results concerning the sensitivity and specificity of the protein microarray. Protein microarrays are promising tools for screening diagnoses in allergic diseases as well as for the improvement of allergen-specific immunotherapy.