Bariatric surgery, weight reduction, and cancer prevention.

摘要

Increased body adiposity is an established and important risk factor for cancer development. A recent standardised meta-analysis of prospective observational studies, quantifying risk associations with body-mass index (BMI) in 20 cancer types, showed that associations are: modest (risk estimates range from 1.1 to 1.6) per 5 kg/m~2 incremental increase; sex-specific; exist for a wider range of malignancies than previously thought; and are broadly consistent across geographic populations. Given the biological plausibility, the consistency of associations, and the sufficiently long latency times between BMI measurement and cancer occurrence, these associations are probably causal. However, one important Bradford-Hill criterion of causal association is missing-so far there is no direct evidence that weight reduction decreases cancer incidence (ie, reversibility).