Evaluation of Larvicidal and Repellent Activity of Xanthium Strumarium (Asteraceae) Ethanol Extract against Mosquito Vectors

摘要

Ethanol extract of leaf and seed of Xanthium strumarium was investigated for anti-mosquito potential, including larvicidal and repellent activities against Anopheles culicifacies, Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasdatus and Aedes aegypti. The ethanol-extracted Xanthium strumarium possessed larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of Am. culicifacies, An. stephensi Cx. quinquefasdatus and Ae. aegypti. The LD_(50) and LD_(90) values of ethanol-extracted of leaf were 0.19,0.8,0.27,0.27% and 1.3,1.3,1.0,1.8% and seed were 0.15, 0.9, 0.25, 0.23 and 1.5,1.4,1.7,1.9% against An. culicifacies An. stephensi Cx. quinquefasdatus and Ae. aegypti respectively. It showed 100% repellency against An. culicifacies, An. stephensi and Culex quinquefasdatus in Oh 1h, 2h 4h and 1h 2h 6h, at 10% concentration respectively. It also provided biting protection time of Oh, lh, 2h, 4h, and 6h when applied at a concentration of 2.5, 5, and 10 %. Against Deet- 2.5% An. culicifacies Giles species A100% repellency in lh, 2h, An. stephensi Liston 100% repellency in 2h, 4h, and Culex quinquefasdatus Say have shown 100% repellency in 4h. Xanthium strumarium, therefore, can be considered as a probable source of some biologically active compounds used in the development of mosquito control agents, particularly repellent and larvicidal products.