首页> 外文期刊>The Forestry Chronicle >Evaluation of the push-pull tactic against the mountain pine beetle using verbenone and non-host volatiles in combination with pheromone-baited trees.
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Evaluation of the push-pull tactic against the mountain pine beetle using verbenone and non-host volatiles in combination with pheromone-baited trees.

机译:使用马鞭草酮和非宿主挥发物结合费洛蒙诱饵的树木评估对山松甲虫的推挽策略。

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摘要

Experiments were conducted near Williams Lake and Quesnel, BC in 2003 to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone and a three-component non-host volatile (NHV) blend (E-2- and Z-3-hexen-1-ol and benzyl alcohol) in deterring attack of lodgepole pines, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann, by the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins. In 0.16-ha square plots, with a pheromone-baited tree in the centre and 16 release points at 10-m centres, either verbenone (in a polyurethane gel inside plastic membrane pouches, released at ca. 100 mg/day) or the NHVs (released from separate bubble caps at ca. 1.2 mg/day) deterred attack, but efficacy was not increased by combining them. When deployed from 25 release points at 10-m centres in 0.25-ha square plots, verbenone plus NHVs were effective in deterring attack in some (but not all) cases, when compared to attack in a 25-m wide band around the treated zone. In a test of the push-pull tactic, verbenone plus the NHV blend were tested in a 10-replicate experiment with 100, 44.4 or 25 release points/ha at 10-, 15- or 20-m centres, respectively, in a 1-ha square central zone surrounded by a 3-ha, 50-m-wide band containing 12 pheromone-baited lodgepole pines 50 m apart. Other treatments were pheromonebaited trees alone, and an untreated control. In the three push-pull treatments (but not the bait only or control treatments), 28 of 30 replicates had significantly more mass-attacked trees in the pheromone-baited outer 3 ha than in the inner ha treated with verbenone plus NHVs. The percentage of available trees >=17.5 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) that were mass-attacked was <10% in 5, 4 and 3 of 10 replicates when verbenone plus NHVs were deployed at 10-, 15- and 20-m centres, respectively, and was <10% in two each of the bait only and control replicates. The mean ratios of newly-attacked green trees in 2003 to red trees killed in 2002 were significantly lower in the inner ha of the 10-m and 15-m centre treatments (2.6 and 2.7, respectively) than 5.9 in the untreated control. Also the pooled percentages of attacked trees that were not mass-attacked were significantly higher in the inner ha of the treatments with centres at 15 m (24.7%) and 10 m (17.6%) than in the other three treatments (all between 12% and 13%). Despite the apparent efficacy in 10-m and 15-m centre treatments, some replicates failed spectacularly. Failure was not significantly related to the incidence of red trees, but was negatively related to density/ha of available trees and positively related to mean dbh. We recommend operational implementation of the push-pull tactic at 10-m or 15-m centres when the density of available lodgepole pines is >400/ha, the mean dbh is <=25 cm, current attack is <=15%, and the tactic is part of an integrated pest management program that includes sanitation harvesting. Using verbenone alone at 15-m centres would cost $380/ha (CAD), excluding labour..
机译:2003年在不列颠哥伦比亚威廉姆斯湖和奎斯内尔附近进行了实验,以评估抗聚集信息素马鞭草酮和三组分非主体挥发物(NHV)混合物(E-2-和Z-3-hexen-1-ol和苄醇),以阻止向刺松树(Pinus contorta var。 latifolia Engelmann,由山地松甲虫Dendroctonus浓积霍普金斯山脉。在面积为0.16公顷的样地中,以信息素诱饵的树为中心,在10-m中心具有16个释放点,既可以使用马鞭草酮(在塑料薄膜袋中的聚氨酯凝胶中,每天释放约100 mg),也可以使用NHV (以约1.2毫克/天的速度从独立的气泡帽释放)阻止了发作,但合并使用并未提高疗效。当在0.25平方公里的地块中从10米中心的25个释放点部署时,马鞭草酮加NHV在某些(但不是全部)情况下可以有效地阻止攻击,而与在治疗区域周围25 m宽带中的攻击相比。在推挽策略测试中,马鞭草酮和NHV混合物在10个重复实验中分别在10、15和20 m中心分别以100、44.4或25个释放点/ ha在10个重复中心中进行了10次重复试验。面积为30公顷的方形中央区域,周围环绕着3公顷,宽50米的带,其中包含12个相距50 m的信息素诱饵的寄主松。其他处理方法是单独使用信息素素诱饵的树木和未处理的对照。在三种推挽处理(但不是仅诱饵处理或对照处理)中,用信息素诱饵的外3公顷中30个重复中的28棵具有大量受攻击的树木,比用马鞭草酮加NHV处理的内公顷更明显。当马鞭草酮和NHV分别部署在10、15和20 m处时,在乳房高度(dbh)上直径> = 17.5 cm的可用树木中,受到大规模攻击的树木的百分比为10次重复中的5次,4次和3次的10%分别位于两个诱饵的中心,并且在两个诱饵中,每个诱饵的重复率均<10%。在10米和15米中心处理区的内部ha中,2003年新攻击的绿树与2002年杀死的红树的平均比率(分别为2.6和2.7)显着低于未处理的对照组的5.9。此外,在中心距分别为15 m(24.7%)和10 m(17.6%)的处理区中,未被大规模攻击的受攻击树木的合并百分比显着高于其他三个处理区(均在12%之间)和13%)。尽管在10 m和15 m中心治疗中具有明显的疗效,但仍有一些重复试验失败。失败与红树的发生率没有显着关系,但与可用树的密度/公顷呈负相关,与平均dbh呈正相关。我们建议在可用的双极松树密度> 400 / ha,平均dbh <= 25 cm,当前攻击力<= 15%且10-m或15-m中心实施推挽战术该策略是包括卫生收集在内的有害生物综合管理计划的一部分。仅在15米中心使用马鞭草酮,不包括人工,每公顷成本为380美元。

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