Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Inhaled Toxicants from Waterpipe and Cigarette Smoking

摘要

Objective. Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) is an emerging trend worldwide. To inform public health policy and educational programming, we systematically reviewed the biomedical literature to compute the inhaled smoke volume, nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide (CO) associated with a single WTS session and a single cigarette.