Effect of desiccation temperature on viability of immature dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) seeds dried in mowed inflorescences.

摘要

After flowering has ceased, dandelion (Taraxacum agg.) capitula close to enable maturation of seeds. In late summer the period of seed maturation lasts for 9 days. The capitula mowed later than 4 days after the start of this period and desiccated at 25 degrees C produce viable seeds. If cut and prostrated on insolated ground inflorescences can experience temperatures exceeding 50 degrees C which may impair seed viability. We determined the effect of desiccation temperature (5, 15, 25, 35, 45 or 55 degrees C) on viability of ripening seeds using inflorescences harvested on September 5, 2008 at Prague-Ruzyne (50 degrees 05'N, 14 degrees 18'09 E), five days after flowering ceased (about 4 days before seed dispersal). As control, ripe seeds were collected at dispersal on the same day and desiccated at identical temperatures. Desiccated seeds were germinated at constant 17 degrees C. Ripening seeds of maturing capitula only remained germinable if desiccation temperatures were <=35 degrees C (optimum 25 degrees C) and were killed at 45 and 55 degrees C. The viability of ripe seed was not affected by any of the desiccation temperatures. Time of germination of 50% seeds that germinated was significantly shorter in ripe than ripening seeds. Exposure of mowed dandelion inflorescences on insolated ground (solarization) may thus decrease production of viable seeds because of high temperatures experienced during desiccation.