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上海交通大学学报：医学英文版

上海交通大学学报：医学英文版

本刊是医药卫生类综全性的高级学术期刊，国内外公开发行。本刊登载我校基础医学院、各附属医院、临床医学院、研究所（室）广大教师、医卫科技人员及校友的英文法文来稿。
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上海交通大学学报：医学英文版 >2015年第2期
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  • 摘要：Objective To compare the effect of chemomechanical caries removal(CMCR)to traditional drilling(TD)on blood pressure and pulse in children.Methods Of all 105 subjects,53 were randomly assigned to CMCR group;52,to TD group.For each subject,the systolic pressure(SP),diastolic pressure(DP)and pulse(P)were measured at five time-point:pre-treatment,initiation of carious removal,the end of carious removal,the end of the cavity restoration,and the end of the dental care.They were recorded as T0,T1,T2,T3,and TE,respectively.The difference of SP,DP,and P within each group were analyzed.Results Of all 105 subjects,14 were administered local anesthesia.Since local anesthesia may be a confounding factor for changes in blood pressure and pulse,only the data of the other 91 subjects that local anesthesia were not administered were analyzed.Regarding the SP,DP,and P for TD,the difference between T0 and T1 was significant(P=0.013,0.015,0.012 respectively),while not significant between T1 and T2,T2 and T3,T3 and TE(P>0.05).Regarding the SP,DP,and P for CMCR,the differences were not significant between every two consecutive time-points(P>0.05).The differences of the SP,DP,and P between CMCR and TD were not significant for time-points T0,T3 and TE(p>0.05),while significant for T1 and T2(P<0.05).Conclusion In general,CMCR induces less increase of blood pressure and pulse in children compared to traditional drilling(TD).It may be inferred that CMCR is less distressing than TD.
  • 摘要：Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A(MEN2A)is an autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC),pheochromocytoma(50%-60% of cases),and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands(20%-30% of cases).MEN2A comprises a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders that most commonly have a single missense substitution of the Ret proto-oncogene(RET)involving exons 10 and 11.Here,we reported a novel case of MEN2A associated with two variations in two distinct genes,Cys634Gly in RET and a rare Ser73Gly substitution in succinate dehydrogenase,subunit D(SDHD).Because the patient presented with medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma but without parathyroid gland involvement,we speculated that this clinical feature could be correlated with the two substitutions.This is the first report of a MEN2A case involving two different changes one in the RET gene and the other in the SDHD gene.
  • 摘要：Objective To evaluate the prevalence of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells(Treg cells)in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC)and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL)of patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and to investigate immunosuppression to the progression of cancer.MethodsPeripheral blood and tumor tissues were collected from 20 patients with NSCLC at the time of surgery.None of the patients received surgery,radiotherapy,chemotherapy,or other medical interventions before this study.Cancer stages of the patients were Ⅰ-ⅢA.Venous blood samples were obtained from 20 health donors.PBMC were isolated from blood samples by differential centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque.TILs were isolated from tumors by differential centrifugation over Ficoll-Hypaque and Percoll.Percentage of CD4+CD25highTr/CD4+T in PBMC and TIL was assessed by the flow cytometry.Results The percentage of CD4+CD25highTr/CD4+T in PBMC [(4.87±1.22)%] of NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy donors [(2.36±0.72)%](P<0.01).The percentage of CD4+CD25highTr/CD4+T in PBMC [(5.40±1.20)%] of NSCLC patients in stage Ⅱ-ⅢA was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ [(3.87±0.22)%](P<0.01).The percentage of CD4+CD25highTr/CD4+T in TIL [(8.66±0.76)%] of NSCLC patients in stage Ⅱ-ⅢA was significantly higher than that in stage Ⅰ [(7.04±0.80)%](P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of CD4+CD25highTreg cells in PBMC and TIL of NSCLC patients was significantly higher than that in healthy donors.These Treg cells may be preventing appropriate antitumor immune responses.The population of CD4+CD25highTreg cells in PBMC and TILs of NSCLC patients with Ⅱ-ⅢA stage was significantly higher than that of NSCLC patients with Ⅰstage.These Treg cells may facilitate development of tumors.
  • 摘要：Objective To evaluate the effects of serum deprivation(SD)and hypoxia on the bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)survival in vitro.Methods Rat bone marrow EPCs were exposed for 48h to O2 deprivation,serum deprivation(SD),and prolonged(120h)hypoxia concomitant with serum deprivation.Cell death was assessed by Live/Dead staining and image analysis.Results The EPCs death rate seemed not affected by 48h hypoxia(P>0.05),but affected by SD(P<0.01).Prolonged hypoxia concomitant with SD resulted in the death of nearly all EPCs from 72h,but this rate was remarkably reduced when with 20% fetal bovine serum(P<0.01).Conclusion Our findings indicate that EPCs are sensitive to hypoxia/SD stimuli,while serum may be the more important factor for EPCs survival.
  • 摘要：Objective To clarify the clinical,morphological and radiological features of extraaxial schwannomas in various locations.Methods A total of 87 patients with schwannoma were analyzed in this report.Locations of tumors included salivary gland(n=13),tongue(n=2),neck soft tissue(n=32),trunk wall(n=4),mediastinum(n=10),liver(n=1),stomach(n=1),retroperitoneum(n=8),and extremities(n=16).Fifty-nine contrasted CT examinations,and 38 MRI examinations were available before surgery.ResultsSixty-nine percent of tumors(60 out of 87)were either fusiform or ovoid shaped.Well-delineated margins were observed in all 87(100%)tumors.In this report,patterns of enhancement were diversified.The 38 MRI examinations revealed that 4(11%)cases showed target sign;8(21%)cases presented fascicular sign;and 20(53%)cases showed split fat sign.No contrast enhanced cystic or necrotic areas were observed in 52 of 87 cases(60%).Conclusion Most schwannomas showed non-specific imaging appearances.However,recognition of the fusiform or ovoid shape,well-delineated margin of the tumor,the three signs on MRI images(the target sign,the fascicular sign and the split fat sign),and the cystic or necrotic areas in tumors could be helpful for diagnosis.
  • 摘要：Objective To answer the question that how to further reform the lecture section of medical organic chemistry course. Methods The assessment of reference materials,contents,and curriculum of the lecture section of medical organic chemistry course was surveyed via the questionnaire with students of 2013eight-year clinical medicine program and seven-year stomatology program. Results Most students were satisfied with reference materials,times of discussion,proportion of quizzes score,and the amount of exercises provided,while they did not like the amount of teaching contents,times of quizzes,and difficulty of exercises.Conclusion Teaching contents need to be adjusted,medicine-related contents are supposed to be added,and the methods of assessing students’ performance should be further optimized.
  • 摘要：Since early 1950 s,many domestic and foreign medical schools have carried out the integrated teaching reform of medical education. In our school of basic medical sciences,there have been three types of integrated curriculum reform carried out in history,i. e. horizontally integrated courses,problem-oriented basic medical sciences curriculum, and organ system-based integrated curriculum. This article reviews the experience of these three teaching reforms and the problems encountered and hopes to provide some references for the integration of basic medical sciences curriculum of other medical schools.
  • 摘要：The course of medical microbiology and parasitology is integrated with medical microbiology and human parasitology. It is an important basic medical course. Efficient utilization of existing teaching resources and promotion of further integration are actual requirements of the teaching reform. Integration experience of this course in recent years are summarized in this paper,from the aspects of teaching modes,teaching resources,evaluation system,and management measures,we concluded how to construct and optimize this course. We also focus on the encountered problems and countermeasures in the construction of the curriculum in this paper,so as to provide strategic guidance for the further development of medical microbiology and parasitology.
  • 摘要：In the 21 st century,the medical model has transformed from the biological model to the biopsycho-social medical model. The transformation of medical model raises higher requirements for the training of medical staff. Comprehensive promotion of the reform of medical education has become the consensus and trend,which breeds the integrated medical teaching that is based on modules and organ systems. As one of eight integrated modules,the human body structure course of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine introduces morphological structures of normal human organs according to function systems( such as locomotor system,digestive system,angiological system,and nervous system) of human organs and parts of human body. This course endeavors to integrate theories with practices,contents of disciplines of basic medicine,and basic medicine with clinical medicine. The human body structure course combines basic medicine with clinical medicine and is an important part of medical science.
  • 摘要：In order to get adapted to the teaching reform in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,and promote the integration of the teaching of basic and clinical medicine for medical students,the integrated curriculum of host defense and immunity integrates medical immunology with the morphological structure and histogenesisof the immune system. In this paper,we focus on the different integration medical immunology curriculum in the world and our unique integrated immunology curriculum. This paper introduces the condition of host defense and immunity both at home and abroad and its status and role in the integrated curriculum system in School of Medicine,and summarizes the contents,experience and improvement measures for the implementation of host defense and immunity.
  • 摘要：<正>With the development of social economy and the deepening of the national health reform,the philanthropic organizations in China’s medical health undertaking development have obtained the affirmation.Initiated by several medical professionals and Reenway Group,Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau has approved the establishment of the Shanghai Medical Innovation&Development Foundation(SMIDF)in 5th December 2012 with the supervision from Shanghai Association for Science&
  • 摘要：<正>History of Basic Medicine Faculty In 1952,schools and departments of domestic universities and colleges adjusted.St John’s University School of Medicine(1896-1952),Aurora University School of Medicine(1911-1952),and Tongde Medical College(1918-1952)merged into the Shanghai Second Medical College.The basic discipline teaching and research team was established at the beginning.
  • 摘要：The organ and system-centered integrated curriculum has become a mainstream model of international medical education and an exploring model of Chinese medical education. However,there is no report on whether or how to integrate teaching contents of biological disciplines under this model in Chinese medical schools. Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine offers an integrated course named molecule,cell and tissue,which combines biochemistry,molecular biology,and cell biology with histology and physiology. This course not only reflects the integration of basic medicine and biology,but also focuses on molecular and cellular basis of structures and functions of human organs and systems. The course Molecule,Cell and Tissue breaks the boundaries of disciplines, provides integrated contents by deleting repeated contents,forms integrated key knowledge points,builds a reasonable integrated teaching team,modifies teaching methods,and adopts student-centered teaching models such as group report,co-teaching by teacher and students,and team-based learning. After 5 years of practice,this course has achieved satisfying teaching effect and can provide ideas and reference for the reform of Chinese basic medical education.
  • 摘要：Pharmacology is a discipline bridging basic medicine and clinical medicine. Under the disciplinebased structure,derived from the characteristics of drugs,students study pharmacology for the rational use of the drugs targeting pathophysiological status according to the diseases and the symptoms. Under the organsystem-based teaching systems,the part of the principle of pharmacology is put into the basic medicine integrated module system and the other parts are divided into the according organ-system integrated courses,respectively. It is important for clinical teaching that the domestic and international status,the role and mutual relationship in and between the integrated course system,the designation and practice of the course,the problems to be addressed of the course can be understood.
  • 摘要：The teaching of eight-year clinical medicine program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine was reformed since 2009 to replace the traditional teaching model with modular teaching. As one of reformed courses,the metabolism and energy course combines biochemistry and physiology related knowledge points and endeavors to overcome shortcomings of traditional basic medical knowledge education,such as simple learning contents,isolation between basic medicine and clinical medicine,simple teaching methods of teachers,and passive learning methods of students. After 6 years of teaching practice,the new teaching model has been recognized by both teachers and students and the teaching quality improves comprehensively,but there are still some shortcomings that need to be overcome. This paper summarizes the gain and loss of the modular teaching of integrated course of metabolism and energy,so as to provide reference for extending the reform of modular teaching and further improving the teaching quality.
  • 摘要：This paper aims at summarizing the experience of offering the integrated course of general pathology and pathophysiology for eight-year clinical medicine program, providing references for further improving the teaching quality,and laying a foundation for expanding the course to five-year clinical medicine program. Teaching contents of the integrated course of general pathology and pathophysiology focus on the crossing and integration of relevant discipline knowledge and properly integrating the traditional pathological knowledge,which emphasizes morphological changes of human body,with the pathophysiological knowledge,which emphasizes functional and metabolic changes of human body. It is helpful for breaking the boundaries of disciplines and enabling students to understand the laws of occurrence and development of diseases as a whole.The teaching model has been improved by introducing new teaching methods such as PBL,so as to avoid the shortcomings of traditional teaching method. The innovation consciousness,spirit of active learning,and critical thinking of students are trained via discussions of clinical cases,so as to lay a solid foundation for the learning of subsequent clinical courses and academic research in the future. In summary,integrated course benefits the overall optimization of the structure of medical courses,promotes the improvement of teaching quality,and can be expanded to five-year clinical medicine program in the future.
  • 摘要：Objective To draw a conclusion from the experience on the integrated curriculum of medical genetics and embryonic development set up for the eight-year clinical medicine,and to lay the foundation for its application to the five-year clinical medicine. Methods The advantages and disadvantages of the integrated curriculumof medical genetics and embryonic development were analyzed with the comparative analysis method. And opinions of students of the eight-year clinical medicine on the teaching of the current integrated curriculum were learnt about with questionnaires. Results The current integrated curriculum of medical genetics and embryonic development has basically achieved the goal of simplifying the original teaching contents and the crossing and integration of the related discipline contents,the overall student satisfaction is high. Conclusion The integrated curriculum of medical genetics and embryonic development is helpful for the integral optimization of the medical curriculum framework,which can be expanded to the five-year clinical medicine in the future.
  • 摘要：Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has comprehensively implemented the systembased integrated teaching for clinical medicine programs.According to the review and summarization of teaching the digestive system course for several years,we deem that compared with discipline-based traditional teaching model,the integrated teaching can efficiently improve students’interest and passion for learning basic medicine knowledge and facilitate students’ability to establish the connection between basic medicine and clinical medicine.In the future,the knowledge integration among different disciplines should be enhanced,such as the integration of histology with pathology,morphology with function,and physiology with pharmacology,etc.It is necessary to adjust teaching contents and methods accordingly,so as to achieve better teaching outcomes.
  • 摘要：Objective To review the experiences on an integrated curriculum of hematology for eight-year students in the first half of 2015 and to lay the foundation for improvement and application to students in the five-year program of clinical medicine.Methods The reform processes were described and the advantages and disadvantages of the integrated curriculum were analyzed by using descriptive and comparative methodologies.Results The original teaching contents were simplified.A teaching group composed of basic science researchers and clinicians was established.New small-group learning mode was conducted.Conclusion The integrated hematology course was established and after improvement this course can be implemented into the five-year program of clinical medicine in the future.
  • 摘要：The bilingual education integrated with PBL method is a new teaching model which gives consideration to knowledge,ability and professional foreign language.It reflects the international integration for the reform idea of medical education.The teaching practice indicated this model might be feasible in histology and embryology.It brings not only the classic medical knowledge but also the latest medical developments to the classroom.This new teaching model plays a role in the cultivation of the ability to solve problems independently and team spirit for students.It helps students to improve their knowledge,skills,level of foreign language and quality.
  • 摘要：Cardiovascular system plays an important role in the medical curriculum.How to enable medical students better learn and grasp this part of knowledge is a task and mission faced by teachers.In recent years,with the development and reform of medical teaching,the application of integrated teaching is more and more popular in domestic medical schools.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has also adopted the integrated teaching.As pathology teachers,we take the integrated teaching of cardiovascular system course as an example to introduce our experience.
  • 摘要：The integrated curriculum is an important direction of the medical medical education reform under new situation and challenges of medical development.Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has implemented the integrated curriculum reform in recent years.The endocrine system course is one of important intergrated courses and integrates relevant contents of multiple disciplines of basic medicine,diagnostics and medical imaging.Various teaching methods are adopted,such as classroom lecture,discussion,problembased learning,experimental lesson and clinical clerkship,etc.The teaching practice is carried on in several aspects:course arrangement,teaching methods,course website construction,teaching team construction and so on.
  • 摘要：Objective To explore the application and the effect of the case based learning(CBL)method in clinical probation teaching of the integrated curriculum of hematology among eight-year-program medical students.Methods The CBL method was applied to the experimental group,and the traditional approach for the control group.After the lecture,a questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the teaching effect in the two groups.Results The CBL method efficiently increased the students’interest in learning and autonomous learning ability,enhanced their ability to solve clinical problems with basic theoretic knowledge and cultivated their clinical thinking ability.Conclusion The CBL method can improve the quality of clinical probation teaching of the integrated curriculum of hematology among eight-year-program medical students.
  • 摘要：<正>After several trial reforms of the integrated curriculum(1958,1972,1987,and 1997),we have implemented new trial reforms for different programs(seven-year,four-year,eight-year,and five-year programs)in 2002,2003,2008,and 2012.In order to comprehensively promote the integrated curriculum reform at the Basic Medicine Faculty,form an integrated curriculum system that aims at features of medical and science programs,and improve the teaching quality and training level of excellent doctors and outstanding talents,we started the teaching incentive plan for key teachers in
  • 摘要：As the organ-system oriented integration of medical education has been carried out in many domestic medical schools for years,an urgent need of discussions on various problems of integrated medical education emerges.This paper reviews the urinary integrated educational work in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(SJTU-MS)and introduces the contents of the integrated curriculum of urinary system.We focus on whether we should apply the single cycle integration mode or dual cycle mode,and compare the vocational medical education and elite medical education,and demonstrate the importance of inter-system integration and the ideal integrated textbooks.Multifarious teaching methods and other issues are also mentioned.The future development of integrated medical education is prospected positively.
  • 摘要：Objective To review and explore the advantages and disadvantages of the teaching of the reproductive system in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,in order to provide a feasible scheme for the subsequent reform of the teaching system,including the syllabus design and the optimization of the teaching method,etc.Methods With the one-year practice in the teaching of the reproductive system,this paper has explored the achievements in the implementation of this teaching system from three aspects,including the teaching experience and feelings of teachers,student questionnaires and test scores.Meanwhile,this paper has also deeply analyzed some problems that may exist or be derived from the teaching practice in that teaching model.Results The new teaching method has huge differences from the traditional"discipline-oriented"teaching method in the curricular design,teachers’lecture form,students’learning skills and examination types,etc.What is more important,the new teaching method will significantly renew the concepts of both teaching and learning.Conclusion The method of the systemic teaching is one of the critical ways to realize the reform of the medical education,and can also provide the necessary basis for the cultivation of professional high-quality teachers required in the medical education.
  • 摘要：Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University organically integrates basic medicine courses relevant to the central nervous system(including anatomy,physiology,pathology,and pharmacology)and clinical medicine courses(including imaging and diagnostics)into the nervous system module according to course arrangement of domestic and abroad medical schools and has offered to students of eight-year clinical medicine program since 2009.This paper summarizes experiences of the teaching team of nervous system course in nearly six years,explores the development and optimization of the integrated nervous system course from perspectives of arrangement of teaching contents,development of the teaching team,reform of teaching models,and optimization of teaching resources,and considers existing problems and countermeasures during the course development,so as to provide strategic guidance for further optimization and perfection of the integrated nervous system course.
  • 摘要：The system-based integrated curriculum teaching is a mainstream trend of curriculum reform at medical schools both at home and abroad.Since 2009,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine has implemented the integrated teaching reform with modules classified by organ systems.This paper takes the integrated respiratory system course as an example,reviews and explores the outcomes and existing problems during the teaching reform practice,so as to lay a foundation for comprehensive and efficient implementation of the system-based integrated teaching,improve the teaching quality,and cultivate high level excellent medical talents.
  • 摘要：<正>With the development of social economy and the deepening of the national health reform,the philanthropic organizations in C h in a’s medical health undertaking development have obtained the affirmation.Initiated by several medical professionals and Reenway Group,Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau has approved the establishment of the Shanghai Medical Innovation&Development Foundation(SMIDF)in 5th December 2012 with the supervision from Shanghai Association for Science&

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