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Design considerations for high-frequency crystal oscillatorsdigitally trimmable to sub-ppm accuracy

机译:数字微调至亚ppm精度的高频晶体振荡器的设计注意事项

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The current consumption of crystal oscillators is usuallyndetermined by the steady-state amplitude requirement, rather than thenminimum transconductance for oscillation to exist, In a bipolarnimplementation transconductance is proportional to current, so thatncurrent consumption scales with frequency and load capacitance in thensame way as transconductance. In a complementarynmetal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) implementation, current scales as thensquare of transconductance. It is therefore important to distinguishncurrent from transconductance in power estimation for high frequencynoscillators. Analytical expressions relating current to steady-statenamplitude are used in this paper to estimate the minimum power requirednfor a crystal oscillator at a given frequency. A 78 MHz crystalnoscillator is described, which forms part of a regulated system in anpager where the oscillation frequency is controlled digitally to sub-ppmnaccuracy. The oscillator can be pulled from ±65 ppm to thenrequired frequency with 0.2 ppm accuracy, with a maximum currentnconsumption of 197 ΜA. The circuit has been fabricated in a 1-ΜmnCMOS technology. The measured phase noise is -113 dBc/Hz at 300 Hznoffset
机译:晶体振荡器的电流消耗通常由稳态幅度要求来确定,而不是由最小的跨导来确定是否存在振荡。在双极性实现中,跨导与电流成正比,因此电流消耗与跨导成比例地随频率和负载电容而变化。在互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)实施方案中,电流的大小与跨导的平方成正比。因此,在高频噪声发生器的功率估计中,将电流与跨导区分开是很重要的。本文使用与电流与稳态幅度有关的解析表达式来估算给定频率下晶体振荡器所需的最小功率。描述了一种78 MHz的晶体振荡器,它构成了传呼机中调节系统的一部分,在该系统中,对振荡频率进行数字控制,使其精度达到亚ppm级。可以将振荡器从±65 ppm拉至所需的频率,精度为0.2 ppm,最大电流n消耗为197 MA。该电路已经以1-ΜmnCMOS技术制造。在300 Hz时,测得的相位噪声为-113 dBc / Hz

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