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Tree-pulling experiment: an analysis into the mechanical stability of rain trees

机译:拔树实验:雨树的机械稳定性分析

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Tree-pulling experiments were conducted in Singapore involving 20 rain trees (Samanea saman) growing in four different soil types (1) structural soil with 80% granite chips and 20% sandy loam soil, (2) structural soil with 50% granite chips and 50% sandy loam soil, (3) in situ soil and (4) top soil. The trees were pulled over with a winch attached to the stem at a standard height of 1.3 m and the force required to uproot or break the trees were recorded. The physical above and below ground characteristics of the trees were also measured. All 20 trees in this study failed via uprooting without any stem fracture. Analysis of the data showed that the maximum resistive bending moment (BMmax) was positively correlated with the overall size of the root plate, the size (diameter) of the individual roots and the extent of crown spread. The dry mass of crown was significantly greater in the 80:20 structural soil treatment while no significant difference was found between the other soil types. The trunk diameter was not significantly different between treatments. Significant differences were observed in the depth of root plates where those grown in top soil had significantly deeper root plates as opposed to the other treatments but though deeper, the vast majority of trees planted in top soil exhibited fibrous rather than structural roots. The cross-sectional area of roots which is indicative of the size of the individual roots showed a significantly greater value in the 80:20 structural treatment while the 50:50 structural and top soil treatments had the lowest values. Significant differences in BMmax were only observed in the in situ soil type while the rest of the planting substrates exhibited values that were comparable and not significantly different.
机译:在新加坡进行了拉树试验,试验了20种雨树(Samanea saman),它们生长在四种不同的土壤类型中:(1)含80%花岗岩碎屑和20%砂壤土的结构性土壤,(2)含50%花岗岩碎屑的结构性土壤和50%的沙壤土,(3)原位土壤和(4)表层土壤。用1.3 m的标准高度将树木用绞车连接到茎杆上,并拔起绞盘,并记录将树木连根拔起或折断所需的力。还测量了树木的地面和地下物理特性。这项研究中的所有20棵树木都因连根拔起而失败,而没有任何茎断裂。数据分析表明,最大电阻弯曲力矩(BM max )与根板的总尺寸,单个根的尺寸(直径)和冠冠伸展程度呈正相关。在80:20结构性土壤处理中,树冠的干燥质量明显更大,而其他土壤类型之间没有发现显着差异。两次治疗之间的躯干直径无明显差异。在根板深度上观察到了显着差异,与其他处理相比,在表层土壤中生长的那些具有明显更深的根板,但是尽管更深,但在表层土壤中种植的绝大多数树木显示出纤维状而不是结构性根。指示单个根的大小的根的横截面积在80:20的结构处理中显示出明显更大的值,而50:50的结构和顶层土壤处理具有最低的值。仅在原地土壤类型中观察到了BM max 的显着差异,而其余的种植底物表现出可比较且无显着差异的值。

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