Sozialer Wandel im ländlichen Raum Rumäniens - Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie

摘要

The following pubication is a summary of the results of a study on the Bistritz Region (northeast of Transylvania), refered to as Noesnerland in the German-Transylvanian professional literature. The data from this study of the region are conducive to a generalization of rural Romania, especially in regards to the topic of economic structural development. The emphasis thereby was put on the role of certain regionally specific factors of influence. The analysis concluded with the normative evaluation of possibilities for development in the region. In this section the point of view of the participants was differentiated from that of the observer. The results of the regional study are then in conjunction integrated into a general societal framework, whereby the analysis tended to concentrate on the role of social groups in rural areas. The empirical regional study presented here supports the tendancy of strengthening of the subsistence orientation in Romanian agriculture, accompanied by the agriculturisation of societal structures and the increasing homogenisation of the rural social structures. With the withdrawal of government from the scene more and more is being expected of the local players, and those communities, in which the dynamic household type plays a minor role, are losing competitiveness. The social change since 1989 has meant a change in the importance of the city of Bistritz for the surronding country-side. The number of commuters has decreased drastically, as the industry and service sectors require far fewer laborers. This phase is resulting in a reorganisation of the rural areas. The basis of this reorganisation is the following previously analysed processes: 1. Agriculturisation of rural areas, 2. Urban-rural migration, 3. Social homogenisation of the rural population and 4. Reduction in the intensity of the city-rural relationship. These present the beginning of the development of an altered way of life, as social answer to the new economic and social conditions since the pivotal political change in 1989.