Efficient and accurate representation of asynchronous networkstructure changing phenomena in digital real time simulators

摘要

Due to synchronization requirements related to the interfacingnwith external systems, digital real time simulators of electromagneticntransients for equipment testing employ a constant integration time stepnwidth for solving the network equations. Therefore, the network solutionnis only calculated at discrete and equidistantly spaced time instantsnwhile in reality the time domain is continuous. Changes in networknstructure that occur between the discrete solution points are generallynnot simulated exactly. This can lead to switching control mistakes andnnumerical problems. In this paper the novel clock synchronized structurenchanging concept, which allows the accurate and efficient simulation ofnstructural changes at arbitrary time instants, is presented