Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions in (1 + 1)-Dimensional Quantum Cellular Automata with Controllable Quantum Correlations

摘要

Motivated by recent progress in the experimental development of quantum simulators based on Rydberg atoms, we introduce and investigate the dynamics of a class of (1 + 1)-dimensional quantum cellular automata. These nonequilibrium many-body models, which are quantum generalizations of the Domany-Kinzel cellular automaton, possess two key features: they display stationary behavior and nonequilibrium phase transitions despite being isolated systems. Moreover, they permit the controlled introduction of local quantum correlations, which allows for the impact of quantumness on the dynamics and phase transition to be assessed. We show that projected entangled pair state tensor networks permit a natural and efficient representation of the cellular automaton. Here, the degree of quantumness and complexity of the dynamics is reflected in the difficulty of contracting the tensor network.