Women Peers and Political Appointment: Has the House of Lords Been Feminised Since 1999?1

Christina Eason

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Women Peers and Political Appointment: Has the House of Lords Been Feminised Since 1999?1

机译：妇女同辈和政治任命：自1999年以来上议院已女性化吗？1

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When the House of Lords Act 1999 was passed, women's presence almost doubled overnight from 8.8% to 15.8%. Yet almost a decade later, the increases have been nominal, reaching 19.9% in December 2008. This article examines the feminisation of the House of Lords in terms of numbers from the point of reform to the present day to account for increases in women's representation, and why the increases are so modest. The article identifies clear facilitators and constraints to women's presence in the Lords. Individuals with the capacity to feminise are critical to the increased presence of women, yet peerages also compensate and correct women's low representation in other political arenas. Constraints on women's representation are largely due to historical, systemic and cultural factors with the outcome that one-fifth of the House's membership is effectively reserved for male peers.

机译：当《 1999年上议院法案》获得通过时，过夜的妇女人数几乎翻了一番，从8.8％增加到15.8％。然而，将近十年后，这种增加才是名义上的，到2008年12月达到19.9％。本文从改革之日到今天，从数量上考察了上议院的女性化，以说明女性代表人数的增加，以及为什么增长如此之小。这篇文章指出了明显的促进因素和对妇女在上议院中存在的限制。具有女性化能力的个人对于增加妇女人数至关重要，而同龄人也可以补偿和纠正妇女在其他政治领域中的低代表性。妇女代表权的制约主要是由于历史，制度和文化因素造成的，结果是众议院的五分之一成员实际上只留给了男性同龄人。

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《Parliamentary Affairs》 |2009年第3期|p.399-417|共19页
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Christina Eason;
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University of ManchesterUK;

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Women Peers and Political Appointment: Has the House of Lords Been Feminised Since 1999?1

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