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Design and Deployment of Sensor Network for Real-Time High-Fidelity Volcano Monitoring

机译:实时高保真火山监测传感器网络的设计与部署

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This paper presents the design and deployment experience of an air-dropped wireless sensor network for volcano hazard monitoring. The deployment of five self-contained stations into the rugged crater of Mount St. Helens only took one hour with a helicopter. The stations communicate with each other through an amplified 802.15.4 radio and establish a self-forming and self-healing multihop wireless network. The transmit distance between stations was up to 8 km with favorable topography. Each sensor station collects and delivers real-time continuous seismic, infrasonic, lightning, GPS raw data to a gateway. The main contribution of this paper is the design of a robust sensor network optimized for rapid deployment during periods of volcanic unrest and provide real-time long-term volcano monitoring. The system supports UTC-time-synchronized data acquisition with 1 ms accuracy, and is remotely configurable. It has been tested in the lab environment, the outdoor campus, and the volcano crater. Despite the heavy rain, snow, and ice as well as gusts exceeding 160 km per hour, the sensor network has achieved a remarkable packet delivery ratio above 99 percent with an overall system uptime of about 93.8 percent over the 1.5 months evaluation period after deployment. Our initial deployment experiences with the system demonstrated to discipline scientists that a low-cost sensor network system can support real-time monitoring in extremely harsh environments.
机译:本文介绍了用于火山危害监测的空投无线传感器网络的设计和部署经验。用直升机只用了一个小时就将五个独立的站部署到了圣海伦斯山崎rug的火山口中。这些站通过放大的802.15.4无线电相互通信,并建立一个自形成且自修复的多跳无线网络。站点之间的传输距离可达8 km,地形良好。每个传感器站都收集实时连续地震,次声,闪电,GPS原始数据并将其传送到网关。本文的主要贡献是设计了一个健壮的传感器网络,该网络经过优化,可在火山动荡期间快速部署并提供实时的长期火山监测。该系统支持精度为1 ms的UTC时间同步数据采集,并且可以远程配置。它已经在实验室环境,室外校园和火山口中进行了测试。尽管下了大雨,雪,冰以及阵风超过每小时160公里,但在部署后的1.5个月评估期内,传感器网络的数据包传输率达到了99%以上,整个系统的正常运行时间达到了93.8%。我们在该系统上的初步部署经验表明,可以使科学家接受纪律,即低成本传感器网络系统可以在极端恶劣的环境中支持实时监控。

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