NEURAL NETWORKS BASED SCREENING OF REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS

摘要

Aiming to hide the real money gains and to avoid taxes, fictive prices are sometimes recorded in the real estate transactions. This paper is concerned with artificial neural networks based screening of real estate transactions aiming to categorize them into "clear" and "fictitious" classes. The problem is treated as an outlier detection task. Both unsupervised and supervised approaches to outlier detection are studied here. The soft minimal hyper-sphere support vector machine (SVM) based novelty detector is employed to solve the task without the supervision. In the supervised case, the effectiveness of SVM, multilayer perceptron (MLP), and a committee based classification of the real estate transactions are studied. To give the user a deeper insight into the decisions provided by the models, the real estate transactions are not only categorized into "clear" and "fictitious" classes, but also mapped onto the self organizing map (SOM), where the regions of "clear", "doubtful" and "fictitious" transactions are identified. We demonstrate that the stability of the regions evolved in the SOM during training is rather high. The experimental investigations performed on two real data sets have shown that the categorization accuracy obtained from the supervised approaches is considerably higher than that obtained from the unsupervised one. The obtained accuracy is high enough for the technique to be used in practice.