Dependable Traffic Control Strategies for Urban and Freeway Networks

摘要

Traffic congestion is a growing problem in many countries around the world. It has been recognized that instead of constructing more roads and freeways to counter this problem it is prudent to improve the utilization of existing road network through a judicious combination of advances in control engineering, communication and information technology. The traffic control architecture proposed in this paper is a combination of communicating Urban Traffic Control Architecture (UTCA) and Freeway Traffic Control Architecture (FTCA). The UTCA combines context-awareness, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) principles, and Autonomic Computing System (ACS) principles to optimize traffic congestion and enforce safety in urban traffic network. The UTCA includes a network of adaptive intersection traffic controllers and their immediate supervisory systems, who are also networked. The central piece of each traffic controller is an arbiter, which is a mini CPS. It is aware of the traffic dynamics at the intersection managed by it, by virtue of continuous input from monitoring sensors. Due to this context-awareness ability and its communication ability to exchange traffic information with its neighbors, it can execute policy-based reactions in order to enable safe and efficient traffic throughput at its intersection. Each urban traffic supervisory system is designed with ACS principles in order to minimize downtime caused by environmental emergencies and maximize security of the subsystem under it. A supervisory subsystem will also collect global traffic flow information and contextual constraints from its neighbors. Based on this input it will modify policies and communicate them to its traffic controller for timely adaptation. The urban traffic flowing into freeway traffic will be mediated by Intelligent Ramp Meters (IRM). An IRM interacts with the urban traffic control system and its nearest Intelligent Roadside Unit (IRSU) to regulate the flow of traffic from urban to freeway network. The FTCA consists of a network of mutually interacting IRSUs which monitor traffic flow, communicate with IRMs for providing traffic guidance for freeway drivers. An IRSU will communicate with the vehicles in the zone managed by it in order to provide information on rerouting when road and weather conditions warrant it. It also facilitates exchange of information between vehicles, guide them in lane changes and maintaining safe distance in order to avoid collision.