The three-state toric homogeneous Markov chain model has Markov degree two

摘要

We prove that the three-state toric homogeneous Markov chain model has Markov degree two. In algebraic terminology this means, that a certain class of toric ideals is generated by quadratic binomials. This was conjectured by Haws, Martin del Campo, Takemura and Yoshida, who proved that they are generated by degree six binomials. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd.