Development of β-carotene loaded nanoemulsion using the industrial waste of orange (Citrus reticulate) peel to improve in vitro bioaccessibility of carotenoids and use as natural food colorant

摘要

Converting waste to valuable products is increasingly getting attention in recentyears. After extraction of juice in many fruits, the peel goes as waste. Herein, wehave used orange (Citrus reticulate) peel waste to extract β-carotene. The extractedβ-carotene was used to develop a stable nanoemulsion (NE) using a VXX750 ultrasonichomogenizer (Sonics & Materials, USA) to use as a natural colorant in foodproducts. The droplet size and surface charge of developed NE were 143.7 nm and−38.2 mV. The addition of NE to the fruit juice significantly enhances its color, thusproviding an alternative to the use of synthetic color. The NE further increases theβ-carotene bioaccessibility and also retinol activity equivalent (RAE) in the fruit juice.Analysis of the Citrus reticulata peel extract was done using UV–Vis spectrophotometerand HPLC. The quantity of β-carotene extracted from Citrus reticulata peel was23.57 μg/gm and total carotenoid content was 27.61 μg/gm.Practical applicationsGenerating value added products from waste is the need of the hr for sustainable developmentand lowering environmental pollution caused by dumping the food waste.We have developed a β-carotene loaded NE from the waste of orange peel to act asnatural food color as well as to increase the bioaccessibility of β-carotene increasingthe nutritional value of the juice. After addition of the nanoemulsion, bioaccessibilityof β-carotene and retinol activity equivalents (RAE) significantly increased. We havefurther used it as natural food colorant providing alternative to the synthetic foodcolor.