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Process dynamic investigations and emission analyses of biodiesel produced using Sr-Ce mixed metal oxide heterogeneous catalyst

机译:使用Sr-Ce混合金属氧化物非均相催化剂生产生物柴油的过程动态研究和排放分析

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摘要

The present study explores the feasibility of Sr-Ce based mixed metal oxides for its performance in transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil. The catalyst synthesis was carried out through gel combustion route and was characterized through several techniques including thermal analysis (TGA-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflectance based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) assisted with EDX, BET specific surface area and Hammett indicator basicity. The enhanced activity of the catalyst was investigated at pH 7.0 with Sr-Ce atomic ratio of 3:1 at 900 degrees C of calcination temperature. Influences of various process parameters on transesterification efficiency were carefully investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that maximum transesterification efficacy of 99.5% was achieved under optimized reaction conditions with catalyst dose of 2.0 wt %, oil-to-methanol ratio 1:14, reaction time 120 min, reaction temperature 65 degrees C and stirring speed of 700 rpm. For better interpretation of the process, the reaction rate was computed by employing pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetics model at varying reaction temperature (50 degrees C-75 degrees C). The transesterification data agreed well with pseudo-first order model with highest rate constant value of 2.5 x 10(-3) min(-1) was evaluated at 65 degrees C. Activation energy and frequency of the reaction was quantified from the Arrhenius expression as 17.04 kJ/mol and 9.92 min(-1), respectively. Thermodynamic analysis of the reaction system suggests that the transesterification of the waste cooking oil followed endergonic reaction pathway. Synthesis of biodiesel was ascertained from the H-1-NMR and FTIR analysis of the transesterified product, further, the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were also compared with that of diesel fuel and the resultant values were found to be within ASTM limits. Reusability study was also conducted and it indicated that the catalyst can be easily regenerated and could be effectively reused up to four runs.
机译:本研究探索了基于Sr-Ce的混合金属氧化物在废食用油的酯交换反应中的可行性。催化剂的合成通过凝胶燃烧路线进行,并通过多种技术进行了表征,包括热分析(TGA-DTA),X射线衍射(XRD),基于衰减的全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR),高分辨率扫描电子显微镜(HR-SEM)辅助EDX,​​BET比表面积和Hammett指示剂碱度。在900℃的煅烧温度下,在Sr-Ce原子比为3:1的pH 7.0下研究了催化剂的增强活性。仔细研究了各种工艺参数对酯交换效率的影响。实验结果表明,在优化的反应条件下,催化剂用量为2.0 wt%,油/甲醇比为1:14,反应时间为120 min,反应温度为65°C,搅拌速度为700时,最大酯交换效率达到了99.5%。转速为了更好地解释该过程,通过在不同的反应温度(50摄氏度至75摄氏度)下采用伪一级和伪二级动力学模型来计算反应速率。在65摄氏度下评估酯交换数据与伪一阶模型吻合良好,最高速率常数值为2.5 x 10(-3)min(-1)。根据Arrhenius表达式定量反应的活化能和反应频率为17.04 kJ / mol和9.92 min(-1)。反应系统的热力学分析表明,废食用油的酯交换反应遵循了共阴反应途径。通过酯交换产物的H-1-NMR和FTIR分析确定了生物柴油的合成,此外,还将生物柴油的理化性质与柴油的理化性质进行了比较,发现所得值在ASTM范围内。还进行了可重复使用性研究,结果表明该催化剂可轻松再生,并且最多可有效重复使用四次。

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