Dialectics in socio-scientific inquiry: Islam contra Occident

摘要

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study dialectical methodology as a scientific reasoning process in Islam comparatively with mainstream philosophy of science. Design/methodology/approach – Comparative discursive method of inquiry using the language of philosophy of science and abstract mathematization (limited use). Findings – This is a theoretical paper of an intellectual category, which presents the arguments within the framework of the principle of universal and pervasive complementarities as the evidential sign of the epistemology of unity of knowledge studied through functional ontological logical formalism. Research limitations/implications – The theoretical nature of an argumentative paper is at best a foundation one rather than an empirical one. Practical implications – An example of the Islamic dialectical methodology of unity of knowledge is applied to socioeconomic development in Islamic perspective. Originality/value – There is believed to be no other paper on Islam and its dialectical methodology in scientific reasoning compared to the theory of dialectics in mainstream philosophy of science in the contemporary literature.