SPDS: A Secure and Auditable Private Data Sharing Scheme for Smart Grid Based on Blockchain

摘要

The exponential growth of data generated from increasing smart meters and smart appliances brings about huge potentials for more efficient energy production, pricing, and personalized energy services in smart grids. However, it also causes severe concerns due to improper use of individuals' private data, as well as the lack of transparency and auditability for data usage. To bridge this gap, in this article, we propose a secure and auditable private data sharing (SPDS) scheme under data processing-as-a-service mode in smart grid. Specifically, we first present a novel blockchain-based framework for trust-free private data computation and data usage tracking, where smart contracts are employed to specify fine-grained data usage policies (i.e., who can access what kinds of data, for what purposes, at what price) while the distributed ledgers keep an immutable and transparent record of data usage. A trusted execution environment based off-chain smart contract execution mechanism is exploited as well to process confidential user datasets and relieve the computation overhead in blockchain systems. A two-phase atomic delivery protocol is designed to ensure the atomicity of data transactions in computing result release and payment. Furthermore, based on contract theory, the optimal contracts are designed under information asymmetry to stimulate user's participation and high-quality data sharing while optimizing the payoff of the energy service provider. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed SPDS can effectively improve the payoffs of participants, compared with conventional schemes.