Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

摘要

Strongyloides stercoralis isan intestinal nematode.[1],[2] Strongyloides infection isendemicin tropical, subtropicaland sporadicin temperate areas.[3] Strongyloides larvaeareidentified in feces, body fluids, or in biopsy ofinvolved tissues. It hasa widespectrumofmanifestations varying fromasymptomaticeosinophiliain theimmunocompetent host to disseminated disease with septicshock in immunocompromised host.[1],[2] In immunocompromised condition, theauto-infectivecycle ofStrongyloidescan becomeamplified into a potentially fatal hyperinfection syndrome. Hyperinfection syndromeischaracterized by increased numbers ofinfectivefilariformlarvaein stooland sputumand clinicalmanifestations ofthe increased parasite burden and migration, like gastrointestinal bleeding and respiratory distress.