Primary large cell prostate neuroendocrine carcinoma with central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

摘要

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate (PNEC) is rare and accounts for less than 0.5% of all prostate neoplasms (1). These tumors can be subdivided into small cell carcinomas, large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) and carcinoid tumors based on the morphologic characteristics and proliferative index of tumors. PNEC is often diagnosed after long-lasting androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for previous prostate adenocarcinoma (2). However, the pure form of this tumor is exceedingly rare and associated with aggressive behavior. Only a few cases with primary LCNEC have been published and its clinical course and treatment options remain unclear, yet (2, 3). In this study, we aim to report an unusual case of primary LCNEC with dexamethasone induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) during its management.