A review of prostate cancer imaging, positron emission tomography, and radiopharmaceutical-based therapy

摘要

The prostate gland weighs approximately 20 g and is situated at the base of the bladder surrounding the prostatic urethra. It can be divided into the peripheral, central, transitional, and peri-urethral zones.1 The peripheral zone is the most common site of prostate cancer, and adenocarcinoma accounts for most cases, typically developing from acinar cells in the prostate gland with an associated increase in serum prostatespecific antigen (PSA). Several tumor types, such as neuroendocrine tumors, small-cell carcinoma, and transitional-cell carcinoma, have little effect on PSA. Also, several factors are associated with increased risk of developing prostate cancer, including, among others, age, race, family history, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition.