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Valence and arousal underlie evaluation of emotional and conversational facial expressions across cultures

机译:价和唤醒是评估跨文化的情感和对话面部表情的基础

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Facial expressions are one of the most important ways of non-verbal communication for humans. To date, most research in this field has focused solely on emotional aspects, largely neglecting the communicative and conversational aspects of expressions. Furthermore, although there is evidence for some degree of cross-cultural universality among emotional expressions, much less is known about how facial expressions in general are perceived across cultures. Here, we investigate the structure of the complex space of both emotional and conversational expressions in a cross-cultural context. The two experiments reported here used matching video sequences of 27 expressions from both the KU (Korean) facial expression database and the MPI (German) facial expression database (each expression was shown by 6 actors, totaling 162 videos from each database). In the first experiment, four groups (each n=20) of native German and Korean participants were asked to group the sequences of the German or Korean databases into clusters based on similarity. This grouping data yielded four different confusion matrices. In the second experiment, another four groups of participants (each n=20) from both cultures were asked to rate each video according to 13 emotional and conversational attributes. This rating data yielded an averaged 13-dimensional vector for each sequence. For each of the four grouping/rating data-pairs, we then used kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) to determine a two-dimensional embedding of expressions that best explained both grouping and rating data. Although other attributes contributed as well, the two dimensions recovered by KCCA showed maximal correlation with valence and arousal ratings a?? this was true regardless of participants' cultural backgrounds or of the database that was used. Our results show that evaluative dimensions for both German and Korean cultural contexts are highly similar, confirming that cultural universals exist even in this complex space of emotional and conversational facial expressions.
机译:面部表情是人类非语言交流的最重要方式之一。迄今为止,该领域的大多数研究仅集中在情感方面,而很大程度上忽略了表达的交流和对话方面。此外,尽管有证据表明情绪表达之间存在某种程度的跨文化普遍性,但人们对如何跨文化感知一般的面部表情知之甚少。在这里,我们研究了跨文化语境中情感表达和对话表达的复杂空间的结构。此处报道的两个实验使用了来自KU(韩国)面部表情数据库和MPI(德国)面部表情数据库的27个表情的匹配视频序列(每个表情由6个演员显示,每个数据库总共162个视频)。在第一个实验中,要求四组(每组n = 20)来自德国和韩国的本地参与者根据相似性将德国或韩国数据库的序列分组。该分组数据产生了四个不同的混淆矩阵。在第二个实验中,要求来自两种文化的另外四组参与者(每组n = 20)根据13种情感和会话属性对每个视频进行评分。此评级数据为每个序列产生了平均13维向量。然后,对于四个分组/评分数据对中的每一个,我们使用内核规范相关分析(KCCA)确定可以最好地解释分组和评分数据的表达式的二维嵌入。尽管其他属性也起作用,但KCCA回收的两个维度显示出与效价和唤醒等级的最大相关性。无论参与者的文化背景或所使用的数据库如何,都是如此。我们的结果表明,德国和韩国文化背景的评价维度非常相似,这证明即使在这种复杂的情感和对话面部表情空间中也存在文化共性。

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