To assess the association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and melanoma via systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and four China databases (SinoMed, WanFang data, CNKI and VIP database) of epidemiologic evidences on PD and melanoma published before April 30, 2015. Studies which reported risk estimates of melanoma among PD patients or risk estimates of PD in patients with melanoma were included. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95?% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by random-effects models. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using Cochran Q and I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate sources of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were done according to temporal relationship, geographic region and gender respectively. We assessed publication bias using the Begg and Egger test. In addition, study appraisal was done using a scale for observational studies to ensure the quality of evidence. We identified 24 eligible studies on PD and melanoma with a total number of 292,275 PD patients: the pooled OR was 1.83 (95?% CI 1.46–2.30) overall, subgroup analyses by temporal relationship showed that risk of melanoma after PD diagnosis was significantly higher (OR 2.43, 95?% CI 1.77–3.32), but not before the diagnosis of PD (OR 1.09, 95?% CI 0.78–1.54). Subgroup analysis by geographic region showed that increased risk of melanoma in PD was found both in Europe (OR 1.44, 95?% CI 1.22–1.70) and in North America (OR 2.64, 95?% CI 1.63–4.28). Gender-specific subgroup analyses did not show difference between men (OR 1.64, 95?% CI 1.27–2.13) and women (OR 1.38, 95?% CI 1.04–1.82) in the risk of melanoma. In addition, we found the risk of non-melanoma skin cancers in PD was slightly higher (OR 1.20, 95?% CI 1.11–1.29) than general population. It was impossible to evaluate the association between PD and melanoma according to use of levodopa or gene polymorphism via meta-analysis since few observational or cohort studies have focused on it. An association between PD and melanoma was confirmed. Most of the evidences were of high quality, and the conclusion was robust. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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机译：通过系统评价和荟萃分析评估帕金森氏病（PD）与黑色素瘤之间的关联。在2015年4月30日之前，在PubMed，Web of Science，Embase和四个中国的PD和黑色素瘤流行病学证据的中国数据库（SinoMed，WanFang数据，CNKI和VIP数据库）中进行全面搜索。研究报告了PD患者或纳入了黑色素瘤患者的PD风险评估。通过随机效应模型计算具有95％置信区间（CI）的合并比值比（OR）。使用Cochran Q和I2统计数据评估了研究的异质性。进行了亚组分析和敏感性分析，以评估异质性的来源。根据时间关系，地理区域和性别分别进行亚组分析。我们使用Begg和Egger检验评估了出版偏向。此外，研究评估使用观察研究量表进行，以确保证据的质量。我们确定了24项关于PD和黑色素瘤的合格研究，总共292,275例PD患者：总体OR值为1.83（95％CI 1.46–2.30），按时间关系进行的亚组分析显示，PD诊断后黑色素瘤的风险明显更高（OR 2.43，95％CI CI 1.77–3.32），但并非在诊断PD前（OR 1.09，95％CI CI 0.78–1.54）。按地理区域进行的亚组分析显示，在欧洲（OR 1.44，95％CI 1.22–1.70）和北美（OR 2.64，95％CI CI 1.63–4.28）均发现PD中黑色素瘤的风险增加。性别特异性亚组分析未显示男性（OR 1.64，95％CI 1.27–2.13）和女性（OR 1.38，95％CI 1.04–1.82）之间在黑色素瘤风险方面的差异。此外，我们发现PD中非黑色素瘤皮肤癌的风险略高于普通人群（OR 1.20，95％CI 1.11–1.29）。由于很少有观察或队列研究关注左旋多巴或基因多态性，因此无法通过荟萃分析评估PD与黑色素瘤之间的关联。帕金森病和黑色素瘤之间的关联得到确认。大多数证据都是高质量的，结论是可靠的。需要进一步研究以探索这种关系的潜在机制。
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