Novel Hybrid Entrapment Approach For Probiotic Cultures And Its Application During Lyophilization

摘要

Probiotic cultures Lactobacillus platarum No. 8P-A3 (L.B.A3) and Bifidobatrium bifidum No.1, 791 (B.B.791) were lyophilized and preserved by novel entrapment system. A novel method based on hybrid encapsulation - entrapment technique, therefore, this method was explored to overcome the problem faced in each entrapment and encapsulation methods. The hybrid entrapment was achieved using different carriers for encapsulation sodium alginates for entrapment. The success of this protocol was estimated in terms of the number of surviving cell after freeze drying. Both probiotic cultures in hybrid - entrapment system (D) showed high survival rates, until now , little work has been published on improving the survival of probiotic bacteria to these condition, but novel technique such as hybrid entrapment is very promising. These results could be utilized in formulation technology of probiotics as a starter in dairy products as well as the emergence of new application. Introduction The gastrointestinal tract harbours a complex and diverse ecosystem of microorganisms and the mechanisms by which gut immune and epithelial cells handle this constant antigenic stimulation are only beginning to be understood. The large intestine contains over 400 different microbial species. The autochthonous microbiota, which are the dominant microbiota in the colon, limit the ability of pathogenic genera including Escherichia, Clostridium, Salmonella and Campylobacter to attach to the lumen (Ziemer & Gibson, 1998). Just destruction of the normal resident microbiota (not deficiency of the T-lymphocytes) is the factors which makes the individuals highly susceptible to potentially harmful bacteria and parasitic opportunistic infection is often seen, among these bacteria, Clostridiae spp. are certainly the most important group, well known for their associated morbidity, this leading to the eradication of colonization resistance, Mental health problems; chronic fatigue syndrome; muscular soreness and stiffness; autoimmune disorders: including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, enteric arthritis, and Reiter's syndrome; lactose intolerance; infectious diseases; high blood pressure; menopausal problems in women; vaginosis; allergies and asthma; kidney stones, may occur. The probiotic genera of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli have been extensively studied and established as valuable native inhabitants of the colon. Probiotics are defined as “living organisms, which upon ingestion in certain numbers, exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition” (FAO/WHO 2000). The importance of a “healthy” gut microbiota has been recognized for a long time but only recently has specific attention been focused on the potential of probiotics as preventative and therapeutic agents in gastrointestinal diseases. The use of probiotics in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease and in diarrhoea of premature infants, severe burn patients, and acute and chronic colitis (Filho-Lima et al., 2000 , Lilly & Stillwel 1965, Gionchetti et al. 2000 ) has shown potential beneficial effects of probiotic Escherichia coli strains, Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and Saccharomyces. However, the data in this area are relatively sparse and often controversial. Probiotics have been proposed to exert their beneficial effects by maintaining a normal intestinal milieu, by stimulating the immune system, by detoxifying colonic contents, by lowering serum cholesterol levels and promoting lactose tolerance, and by producing metabolites that are essential to maintain intestinal health ( Lilly & Stillwell 1965, Resta-Lenert et al. 2001 ), reduces or eliminates ailments such as colon irritation, constipation and travelers diarrhoea, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, synthesis of B vitamins, lowering of blood ammonia levels, cholesterol absorption, and inhibition of tumour formation (Roberfroid, 2000; Ziemer & Gibson, 1998). However, in order to provide health benefits, it is essential tha