Transitions Of Food Groups And Nutrients In The Northeast Of China: A 3-Year-Interval's Follow-Up Study

摘要

Objective: To explore the dietary patterns and changes in population of northeastern Chinese over time. Design: A longitudinal, descriptive, comparative, population-based study.Setting: Heilongjiang, China. Study participants: 1468 and 1418 participants aged 0-95 who had complete records on the three 24-hour dietary recalls in 1997 and 2000 surveys, respectively.Results: Differences in food consumption and nutrient intake existed in groups divided by gender, residence and household income. The staple food was cereals which offered 53.4 – 70.1% of the total energy in diet of any populations, and the next was fat and protein with 19.2 – 34.3% and 10.4 – 12.0%, respectively. Fat and protein devoted more proportion of energy than carbohydrate did in diet of the participants in developed and urban areas, and with higher income.Conclusion: Certain increases in energy from protein, alongside a significant rise in energy from fat and a visible decline in energy from carbohydrate, were documented as main features in dietary patterns of Northeastern Chinese during the study period. This survey was conducted in Heilongjiang, by Heilongjiang Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. The research was completed with financial assistance from the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01-HD30880 and R01-HD38700) and statistical analysis was supported by the Alumni Association of Sasakawa Medical Scholarship and Chronic disease Division, School of Medicine, the University of Queensland. Introduction Related to nutrition transitions worldwide, nutrition and epidemiologic transitions have begun and are proceeding at extremely accelerated rates in developing countries including China that is urbanising rapidly and also continues to experience a very rapid growth in income per capita(1). With its flying development in economy, China has indeed quickly experienced her several periods of dietary pattern changes, such as collecting food, famine, receding famine and degenerative diseases, since the foundation of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and has been in her fifth period – behavioral change from late 1980s on (2, 3). Changes which took 50 years to occur in the US have been compressed into as short as 7 years in China(4). Due to state of the coexisting pockets of under- and over-nutrition in China and other developing countries(4, 5), intervention measures should be taken in order to gain a balanced and healthy dietary pattern and quality, and furthermore to prevent people away from suffering chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancers. These measures can only be taken after full understanding of nutritional status and problems existed in eating patterns. Beginning in late 1950s, China performed four nationwide nutritional surveys in the years of 1959, 1982, 1992 and 2002. Heilongjiang Province (HLJ) has participated in the surveys as a sample province since then, but in spite of that, no complete data are available for description of the changes in nutrition among HLJ residents yet apart from a little information revealed by the nation. HLJ, a boundary province to USSR in the northeast of China, is characterised with its agriculture and is less developed in economy. In this study we want to explore the dietary patterns and changes of HLJ residents over time and we also make some comments upon the existing dietary patterns. Subjects and Methods Study populationAs one of the project provinces of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) which is a longitudinal and an ongoing survey covered eight provinces in China starting in 1989 and follows the human subjects approval procedures of both the University of North Carolina School of Public Health and the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine (CAPM, now renamed as China CDC), HLJ, replacing Liaoning, has performed the project since 1997. A multi-stage, random-cluster, weighted sampling scheme was used to draw the sample surveyed in the province accord