Bullying nas escolas de Guimar?es: tipologias de Bullying e diferen?as entre géneros

摘要

Introduction: School bullying is the most?common type of violence in schools and?seems to be increasing in recent years. The?various types of aggression and victimization by bullying occur with different frequencies depending on the gender of the?students. Objectives: To determine the frequency?of different types of victimization and aggression by bullying among participating?public school students of Guimar?es. To?compare frequencies of victimization and?aggression by bullying between female and?male students. Study Design: Observational and cross-sectional study. Methods: An equal number of classes of the?6th and 8th grade in public schools was selected in the municipality of Guimar?es, Portugal. The students autonomously completed?a questionnaire with demographic information and the Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale adapted to Portugal. Descriptive and analytical statistical techniques?were used to analyze the data. Bullying was?considered in relation with colleagues, 2 or?more episodes of maltreatment in the previous month. Results: 660 students were evaluated, ranging from 11 to 16 years of age, 48.8% of 6 th year, 48.8% female, recruited from ten of the?fourteen schools in the county. Seventy-one?percent of students (78.1% of boys and?64.0% of girls) declared themselves directly?involved in bullying behaviors, as authors?or targets. By type, the prevalence was 61.2%?verbal, 36.8% social, 24.8% physical and?22.9% involved in property-related bullying. The most common types reported by victims, of both male and female genders, were?the verbal (54.0% and 41.3%, respectively;?48.4% of total student body) and social?(26.7% and 30.1%, respectively; 28.8% of?total students). In the aggressors, verbal and?physical bullying types in boys (respectively?44.5% and 25.5%) and verbal and social in?girls (28.3% and 9.3%) were the most common. When considering the total sample, the?most common types of aggression in were?verbal and physical (36.6% and 15.3%, respectively). Male students were more often?directly involved in bullying behaviors. With?the exception of social bullying, boys were?more likely to be victims of all types, as well?as being physical and verbal abusers. Significant differences were found in the proportions of victims and perpetrators among?schools, age groups and schooling years. Conclusion: Only 28.8% of students denied?direct involvement in bullying. We have?found several significantly different bullying behaviors between genders, but not?in every school, age group or grade. These?data indicates that genetic factors may not?be important, and that action should focus?on other aspects. The study of the factors that?influence the differences in types of bullying?behaviors may allow the identification of?violent situations in order to prevent them.