Tubular injury in multiple myeloma

摘要

According to the literature, multiple myeloma (MM) may be attributed almost 1% of all cases with neoplasia and about 10% of hemato- logic malignancies in the USA (1, 2). The annual incidence rate in the USA is approximately 4-5 per 100.000 individuals. A similar incidence rate has been reported in the UK and in Europe (3-5). The incidence is equal in all races and geographic locations, and varies by ethnicity; in African Americans and Blacks from Africa this is increased 2 to 3 fold as compared to that one in Caucasians (6, 7). By contrast, the incidence is lower in Asians from Japan and in Mexicans (7, 8). Moreover, multiple myeloma occurs more frequently in men than it does in women (approximately 1.4:1) (7).