Efectos genotóxicos del azinfos metílico en bacterias y cultivos de linfocitos humanos después de activación vegetal

摘要

The evaluation of the potential risk of pesticides applied to crops consumed by humans in Mexico is appropriate and necessary because plant pro-mutagenic transformation in toxic metabolites and their subsequent incorporation involve a risk for health when such crops are ingested. Plant metabolism of agricultural insecticides produces compounds that could be introduced in the food chain, increasing the contamination and poisoning risk by agrochemical metabolism. In this study we evaluated the effect of the organophosphorus insecticide azinphos methyl transformed by S10 fraction of broad bean ( Vicia faba ), using as indicator of mutagenic damage the reverse mutation of Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 and the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human lymphocyte cultures. Results of mutagenicity showed that when Salmonella TA98 and TA100 strains were treated directly with azinphos methyl, negative response was obtained. The same occurred with human lymphocytes tested directly with this insecticide. When Vicia faba S10 enzymatic mix was added, there was a mutagenic response in both Salmonella strains. These results suggest that the mechanisms to induce mutations by azinphos methyl were frameshift mutation (TA98 strain) as well as pair bases substitution (TA100 strain). Likewise, SCE production was significant and dose-response relationship was observed in human lymphocyte cultures. The cell kinetics (M1, M2 and M3 cells), the replication index and the mitotic index are also analyzed. Only in the treatments with S10 fraction the effects were observed. At the highest concentration mitotic inhibition was produced.