Measuring temperature effects on nano-bubble growth in tungsten with grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering

摘要

Highlights ? W samples were exposed to He plasma in the MAGPIE, NAGDIS-II and PISCES-A across a range of sample temperatures between 473–1123K. ? GISAXS was used to quantify the effect of plasma fluence and W surface temperature on He nano-bubble size distributions. ? In NAGDIS-II at 873K and Pisces-A at 643–673K, nano-bubbles are exponentially distributed with mean diameters μ ≈ 0.5 nm. ? Above ～900K nano-bubbles followed an approximately exponential distribution with μ > 0.65 nm demonstrating a significant increase in nano-bubble sizes at higher temperatures. Abstract W samples were exposed to He plasma in the MAGPIE, NAGDIS-II and PISCES-A across a range of sample temperatures between 473–1123K. GISAXS was used to quantify the effect of plasma fluence and W surface temperature on He nano-bubble size distributions. In NAGDIS-II at 873K nano-bubbles are exponentially distributed with mean diameters μ = 0.64 ± 0.01 nm , similar to the value of μ = 0.62 ± 0.01 nm found for the MAGPIE plasma device at the much lower temperature of 473K. Above ～900K nano-bubbles followed an approximately exponential distribution with μ > 0.72?nm?demonstrating a significant increase in nano-bubble sizes at higher temperatures.