COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FUEL CONSUMPTION, EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS AND MODELLING FOR GASOLINE AND DIESEL VEHICLES - A REVIEW

摘要

The comparative analysis of fuel consumption and exhaust pollutants of gasoline and diesel vehicles are reviewed. This paper indicates the effect of fuel consumption and exhaust pollutants/emissions on vehicles during idling, start/stop and speed-acceleration conditions of vehicles. The exhaust pollutants and fuel consumption varies greatly with vehicle engine speed and use of accessories such as air-conditioner. The relationship of gasoline and diesel vehicles with respect to traffic intersection and different road conditions is also studied. For gasoline vehicles, all the exhaust emissions except nitrogen oxides increase 15-30% with acceleration parameters in case of urban driving condition. The emissions such as carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons are sensitive to high engine speeds. The carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons increase by 30-40% as number of stops of vehicle increases. For diesel cars, the emission rates are increased with stop frequency and decreased when speed is increased to 35% except for CO in urban areas. The NOx and CO emissions increase by 22% and 27% when acceleration increases. The fuel consumption examines under steady temperature operating conditions are 25-30% lower than those measure below 80C temperature. The fuel consumption of vehicle is increased by a factor of three when tested below 40C as compared with hot conditions. It is observed that 98% of vehicle drivers do not turn off the engines of their vehicle at traffic signals. As a result, 0.37 million kg of compressed natural gas, 0.13 million litre of gasoline is consumed everyday due to the idling of vehicles. The idling of vehicles releases 93 million mega tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions and approximately 40.1 billion litres of petrol a year that includes 1.6% of all United States emissions. Furthermore, different models are reviewed for estimating the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption during idling, stop/start and vehicle speed-acceleration conditions.