De la abstinencia a la educación para el consumo: estrategias psicoeducativas para reducir el consumo de riesgo de alcohol entre los adolescentes

摘要

Background: the hazardous drinking in the adolescent stage is a public health problem with serious repercussions on the quality of life of this population and negative consequences for their physical, psychological and social health in a short-long-term that not only affects adolescents but also the people around them. Aim: to identify educational strategies and interventions with greater consensus among experts to reduce hazardous drinking on adolescents. Method: descriptive research based on consensus (Delphi Technique). Professionals from different socio disciplines participated. Results: 145 items divided into three categories were obtained: more effective interventions to achieve low-risk alcohol consumption in adolescents (54 items); contents of an educational program aimed at adolescents for education in low-risk alcohol use (45 items) and more effective educational strategies to develop the contents of the program (46 items). 42.76% achieved a total consensus, 22.76% very acceptable, 31.03% acceptable and only 3.45% of the items no consensus was reached. Conclusions: to reduce hazardous drinking among adolescents, it is necessary to combine educational and psychosocial interventions on an integrated approach and multi-component-oriented development life skills and prosocial values and encourage the active participation of adolescents through an approach constructivist teaching.