Chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its effect on mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species

摘要

This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil ofCymbopogon citratus(Poaceae) against five mycotoxigenic species of the genusAspergillus(Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus nigerandAspergillus fumigatus) isolated from maize samples. The oil ofC. citratuswas obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons which accounted for 94.25% of the total oil and characterised by a high percentage of geranial (39.53%), neral (33.31%), and myrecene (11.41%). The antifungal activity tests showed that the oil was active against all the fiveAspergillusspecies. The extent of inhibition of fungal growth was dependent on the concentration of the oil. The activity of the oil against the mycotoxigenic fungi had Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15 to 118 mg/ml. These results show that the essential oil ofC. citratushas antifungal activities against fungi that are the producers of poisonous mycotoxins found in foods. This oil can be used in food preservation systems to inhibit the growth of moulds and retard subsequent mycotoxin production.