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A Low-Cost Mechanism Exploiting Narrow-Width Values for Tolerating Hard Faults in ALU

机译:利用宽宽度值来容忍ALU中的硬故障的低成本机制

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Digital circuits are expected to increasingly suffer from more hard faults due to technology scaling. Especially, a single hard fault in ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) might lead to a total failure in processors or significantly reduce their performance. To address these increasingly important problems, we propose a novel cost-efficient fault-tolerant mechanism for the ALU, called LIZARD. LIZARD employs two half-word ALUs, instead of a single full-word ALU, to perform computations with concurrent fault detection. When a fault is detected, the two ALUs are partitioned into four quarter-word ALUs. After diagnosing and isolating a faulty quarter-word ALU, LIZARD continues its operation using the remaining ones, which can detect and isolate another fault. Even though LIZARD uses narrow ALUs for computations, it adds negligible performance overhead through exploiting predictability of the results in the arithmetic computations. We also present the architectural modifications when employing LIZARD for scalar as well as superscalar processors. Through comparative evaluation, we demonstrate that LIZARD outperforms other competitive fault-tolerant mechanisms in terms of area, energy consumption, performance and reliability.
机译:由于技术的发展,数字电路将越来越遭受更多的硬故障。特别是,ALU(算术逻辑单元)中的单个硬故障可能会导致处理器完全故障或显着降低其性能。为了解决这些日益重要的问题,我们为ALU提出了一种具有成本效益的新型容错机制,称为LIZARD。 LIZARD使用两个半字ALU(而不是单个全字ALU)来执行具有并发故障检测的计算。当检测到故障时,将两个ALU划分为四个四分之一字ALU。在诊断并隔离出故障的四分之一字ALU之后,LIZARD使用剩余的四分之一字继续操作,这可以检测并隔离另一个故障。即使LIZARD使用狭窄的ALU进行计算,它也会通过在算术计算中利用结果的可预测性而增加可忽略的性能开销。当将LIZARD用于标量处理器和超标量处理器时,我们还介绍了体系结构修改。通过比较评估,我们证明LIZARD在面积,能耗,性能和可靠性方面均优于其他竞争性容错机制。

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