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Computational modelling of the respiratory system: Discussion of coupled modelling approaches and two recent extensions

机译:呼吸系统的计算建模:耦合建模方法和两个最新扩展的讨论

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In this article we present advanced computational models of the respiratory system with a special focus on approaches that are able to tackle the interaction between flow and tissue components which is necessary to accurately represent the underlying physics of the lung. We review complexity of this new generation of so-called coupled models and present strategies for sensible and target-oriented dimensional reduction. From this inherent complexity it becomes clear that there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach in the modelling of respiratory mechanics but one has to choose from a variety of different concepts to solve the problem at hand. We present four suitable coupled approaches introducing their underlying modelling idea and assumptions, their novelty against previous methods, possible scenarios of application, and limitations in a clinical practise. The quality of presented lung models is extended via regional validation against clinical measurements. This validation is performed using temporal highly resolved electrical impedance tomography monitoring. This detailed and for the first time dynamic regional validation generates further trust in the presented mathematically derived approaches. Finally the article closes with further steps towards simulation of gas exchange and local lung perfusion as the ultimate goal of respiratory modelling when ventilation is sufficiently understood. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译:在本文中,我们介绍了呼吸系统的高级计算模型,特别着重于能够解决流量和组织成分之间的相互作用的方法,这对于准确代表肺的基本物理学是必不可少的。我们回顾了新一代所谓耦合模型的复杂性,并提出了明智的和面向目标的尺寸缩减策略。从这种固有的复杂性中可以清楚地看到,在呼吸力学建模中没有“一刀切”的方法,而是必须从多种不同的概念中进行选择以解决当前的问题。我们介绍了四种合适的耦合方法,介绍了它们的基本建模思想和假设,它们相对于先前方法的新颖性,可能的应用场景以及临床实践中的局限性。通过针对临床测量结果进行区域验证,扩展了肺模型的质量。使用时间高度分辨的电阻抗层析成像监视来执行此验证。这种详细的动态区域验证首次获得了对所提出的数学推导方法的进一步信任。最后,当通气被充分理解时,本文将以进一步模拟气体交换和局部肺灌注为最终目标,作为呼吸建模的最终目标。 (C)2016 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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