誤答の分析と対策の検討: テスト・デザインの視点から

摘要

なぜテストで間違うのだろうか．間違いには学習上の問題に起因するものと，行動上の問題に起因するものがある．英語のペーパーテストを例にすると，主語と動詞および時制の関連の理解が不十分なために生じる間違いは学習上の問題に起因し，解答欄を間違えたために生じる誤答は行動上の問題に起因する．英語で解答すべき問題を日本語で解答し，さらに解答でスペルミスをするという，複合的な誤答も生じる．%While human error analysis and product design based on usability have been studied and performed in this decade, paper test for educational purpose keeps its typical form though it weighs in evaluating learners' achievement. In order to improve test design both in structure and appearance, it is necessary to demonstrate the mechanism that brings errors to learners. This paper aims to reveal why error occurs and how human makes mistakes through considering examinations or paper tests in English class. To inspect this issue, 119 1st graders in Nagaoka National College of Technology were examined using their TOEIC-Bridge score, 1st mid-term and final examination in 2008.rnAccording to the result shown in the bubble chart, it developed that unsuitability of test planning, direction for examiners and form design can bring errors besides learners' faults and shortage of preparation. Not only examiners, the user of a test consists of also researchers, makers, providers, markers, utilizers, and managers. To improve usability of paper test, it is inevitable to consider its design as human interface and reduce or eliminate errors brought by unsuitability and human fault.