From the dawn of mankind, humans have used biological matter to separate and protect themselves from their adverse environment. The construction of a spatial boundary between surroundings and interior is the basic task of architecture. Like the creation of cellular membranes in biological systems, the making of clothes or the construction of a roof over one's head are universal and primeval activities, a condition of survival, for existence and development. However, in order to build a house, or make a pair of shoes, it is necessary to cut down a tree, or to tear off the skin of an animal. Our modern industry uses increasingly fewer materials of direct biological origin. Unfortunately the costs of the new technologies are incomparably higher, and a global mega-organism - the biosphere - is the unfortunate victim.
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