A model for the amplitude-frequency (A-f) effect in electrostatic microresonators is presented. This effect is an undesired nonlinear phenomenon that sets the maximum usable oscillation current and thereby degrades the resonator's signal-to-noise ratio and performance. The model developed in this letter provides analytical expressions for the A-f effect and derives an optimal bias condition that maximizes the usable current. In addition, the authors present experimental data for a double-ended-tuning-fork resonator. Using the derived bias condition, an improvement of more than two times in the sustainable oscillation current has been achieved.
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