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Gaming Prediction Markets: Equilibrium Strategies with a Market Maker

机译:游戏预测市场:与做市商的均衡策略

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We study the equilibrium behavior of informed traders interacting with market scoring rule (MSR) market makers. One attractive feature of MSR is that it is myopically incentive compatible: it is optimal for traders to report their true beliefs about the likelihood of an event outcome provided that they ignore the impact of their reports on the profit they might garner from future trades. In this paper, we analyze non-myopic strategies and examine what information structures lead to truthful betting by traders. Specifically, we analyze the behavior of risk-neutral traders with incomplete information playing in a dynamic game. We consider finite-stage and infinite-stage game models. For each model, we study the logarithmic market scoring rule (LMSR) with two different information structures: conditionally independent signals and (unconditionally) independent signals. In the finite-stage model, when signals of traders are independent conditional on the state of the world, truthful betting is a Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium (PBE). Moreover, it is the unique Weak Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium (WPBE) of the game. In contrast, when signals of traders are unconditionally independent, truthful betting is not a WPBE. In the infinite-stage model with unconditionally independent signals, there does not exist an equilibrium in which all information is revealed in a finite amount of time. We propose a simple discounted market scoring rule that reduces the opportunity for bluffing strategies. We show that in any WPBE for the infinite-stage market with discounting, the market price converges to the fully-revealing price, and the rate of convergence can be bounded in terms of the discounting parameter. When signals are conditionally independent, truthful betting is the unique WPBE for the infinite-stage market with and without discounting.
机译:我们研究了与市场评分规则(MSR)做市商互动的知情交易者的均衡行为。 MSR的一个吸引人的特点是,它具有近乎激励的相容性:如果交易员忽略报告对他们可能从未来交易中获得的利润的影响,则最适合报告他们对事件结果可能性的真实信念。在本文中,我们分析了非近视策略,并研究了哪些信息结构导致交易者真实下注。具体来说,我们通过动态游戏中不完整的信息来分析风险中性交易者的行为。我们考虑有限阶段和无限阶段的博弈模型。对于每种模型,我们研究具有两种不同信息结构的对数市场得分规则(LMSR):有条件独立的信号和(无条件)独立的信号。在有限阶段模型中,当交易者的信号是独立于世界状况的条件时,真实的下注就是完美的贝叶斯均衡(PBE)。而且,它是游戏的独特的弱完美贝叶斯平衡(WPBE)。相反,当交易者的信号无条件独立时,真实的下注不是WPBE。在具有无条件独立信号的无限级模型中,不存在一个平衡,即在有限的时间内揭示所有信息。我们提出了一个简单的打折市场得分规则,该规则减少了诈骗策略的机会。我们表明,在带有折扣的无限阶段市场的任何WPBE中,市场价格都收敛到完全公开的价格,并且收敛速度可以受折扣参数的限制。当信号有条件地独立时,对于有折扣和无折扣的无限阶段市场,真实的下注就是唯一的WPBE。

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