Cold Start Emission Modelling for the Australian Petrol Fleet

摘要

Cold start vehicle emissions are excess emissions due to fuel-rich combustion in the engine, increased friction, and reduced emission control efficiency. Given the growing importance of cold start emissions with respect to motor vehicle emission inventories, it is essential to use accurate cold start emission factors for Australian conditions. This paper presents and discusses the approach that was taken to create cold start emission factor for COPERT Australia, a new software for Australian conditions. The method is based on an analysis of empirical Australian data, a literature review and a sensitivity analysis using four possible methods (phase detection functions). The method used in COPERT Australia combines empirical cold start emission profiles with a trip distance distribution to create technology specific cold start emission factors. Finally, these emission factors are used to create a first-order emissions inventory for South East Queensland using output data from a macroscopic transport model. It is estimated that cold start emissions make up a substantial part of air pollutant emissions with cold start to hot running emission ratios of about 0.10 (NOx), 0.50 (CO) and 0.80 (HC).